🎯
These notes take you from zero to full marks in GATE Programming and Data Structures. Read in order: every lesson uses only ideas taught before it. Each lesson takes 20–30 minutes.
Every lesson has the same sections. Questions always come before answers. Answers sit in a closed Answer Vault at the bottom of each lesson; the Predict First answer opens Section 3.
🔁
Spaced recall. Each lesson opens with 3 warm-up questions: one from the previous lesson, one from about 3 lessons back, one from 7 or more lessons back.
🧪
Verified. Every C program in these notes was compiled and run, and every number was recomputed by code before it was written down.
Your commands, on this page
| Command | Here |
|---|---|
| next | The “Type next →” link at the end of every lesson. |
| roadmap | The roadmap below and the sidebar. Press Mark as done on a lesson and it gets a ✅ in both (stored in this browser). |
| revise [lesson ID] | Search the sidebar for the ID, or use the Rule Card of that lesson and the Master Rule Sheet (7.1). |
| simpler / deeper | Ask Claude in chat, naming the lesson ID. Deeper practice for every chapter is in its Lock-in and in Phase 7. |
| start final test | Lesson 7.4. The test page shows no answers. |
| submit: [answers] | Enter your answers in 7.4 and press Submit answers: score with GATE negative marking, topic-wise accuracy, an explanation of every wrong answer and the lessons to re-read. |
| key | The very last section of the notes. |
Conventions used throughout
📐
- C on a 32-bit machine unless stated:
char1 byte,short2,int4,long4,float4,double8, pointers 4 bytes. GATE questions state their sizes; always use the sizes the question gives. - Every program was compiled and run (Tiny C Compiler 0.9.27, 32-bit target). Code with undefined behavior is never given one fixed output; it is called undefined.
- Tree height and depth are counted in edges (a single node has height 0) unless a question says otherwise; where GATE or textbooks differ, the lesson says so.
- Heaps are stored from index 0 unless stated; the 1-based formulas are always given next to the 0-based ones.